GREETINGS
"Focal vocabulary" is a specialized set of terms and distinctions that is particularly important to a certain group; those with particular focuses of experience or activity. A lexicon, or vocabulary, is a language's dictionary, its set of names for things, events, and ideas. Some linguists believe that lexicon influences people's perception on things, the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis. For example, the Nuer of
Initially, in the infancy phase, vocabulary growth requires no effort. Infants hear words and mimic them, eventually associating them with objects and actions. This is the listening vocabulary. The speaking vocabulary follows, as a child's thoughts become more reliant on its ability to express itself without gestures and mere sounds. Once the reading and writing vocabularies are attained – through questions and education – the anomalies and irregularities of language can be discovered.
NARRATIVE
Purpose The main purpose of narrative is to entertain, to gain and hold a readers' interest. However narratives can also be written to teach or inform, to change attitudes / social opinions e.g. soap operas and television dramas that are used to raise topical issues. Narratives sequence people/characters in time and place but differ from recounts in that through the sequencing, the stories set up one or more problems, which must eventually find a way to be resolved. The common structure or basic plan of narrative text is known as the "story grammar." Although there are numerous variations of the story grammar, the typical elements are: • Setting--when and where the story occurs. • Characters--the most important people or characters in the story. • Initiating event--an action or occurrence that establishes a problem and/or goal. • Conflict/goal--the focal point around which the whole story is organized. • Events--one or more attempts by the main character(s) to achieve the goal or solve the problem. • Resolution--the outcome of the attempts to achieve the goal or solve the problem. • Theme--the main idea or moral of the story. The graphic representation of these story grammar elements is called a story map. The exact form and complexity of a map depends, of course, upon the unique structure of each narrative and the personal preference of the teacher constructing the map.
Types of Narrative There are many types of narrative. They can be imaginary, factual or a combination of both. They may include fairy stories, mysteries, science fiction, romances, horror stories, adventure stories, fables, myths and legends, historical narratives, ballads, slice of life, personal experience and of course, fantasy stories. Features • Characters with defined personalities/identities. • Dialogue often included - tense may change to the present or the future. • Descriptive language to create images in the reader's mind and enhance the story.
ANNOUNCEMENT
an Announcement (ANN) is a Usenet, Mailing list, or E-mail message sent to notify subscribers that a software project has made a new software release version. Newsgroup announcement recipients often have a name like "comp.somegroup.announce". Mailing list announcement recipients often have a name like "toolname-announce". Most software projects that make announcements are open source.
In an announcement the subject line commonly contains the abbreviated prefix ANN:.
The contents of an announcement usually contain a title line which contains the tool name, version, release name, and date. Additional contents often fall into the following message sections:
- About - a short paragraph summary of the tool's purpose
- Changes - a list of the highest impact changes since the last release (should be brief since the changelog comprises the definitive list)
- Resources - links to project pages of interest, such as homepage, where to download, bug tracking system, etc.
Some additional, optional fields might include Highlights, Author(s), License, Requirements, and Release History
Announcement messages are usually sent in plain text form.
ADVERTISEMENT
Advertising is a form of communication used to influence individuals to purchase products or services or support political candidates or ideas. Frequently it communicates a message that includes the name of the product or service and how that product or service could potentially benefit the consumer. Advertising often attempts to persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume a particular brand of product or service. Modern advertising developed with the rise of mass production in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.[1]
Commercial advertisers often seek to generate increased consumption of their products or services through branding, which involves the repetition of an image or product name in an effort to associate related qualities with the brand in the minds of consumers. Different types of media can be used to deliver these messages, including traditional media such as newspapers, magazines, television, radio, billboards or direct mail. Advertising may be placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company or other organization.
HAPPINESS EXPRESSIONS
A smile is a facial expression formed by flexing those muscles most notably near both ends of the mouth. The smile can also be found around the eyes (See 'Duchenne smile' below). Among humans, it is customarily an expression denoting pleasure, happiness, or amusement, but can also be an involuntary expression of anxiety, in which case it is known as a grimace. Cross-cultural studies have shown that smiling is used as a means of communicating emotions throughout the world.[1] Happiness is most often the motivating cause of a smile. Among animals, the exposure of teeth, which may bear a resemblance to a smile, is often used as a threat or warning display—known as a snarl—or a sign of submission. In chimpanzees, it can also be a sign of fear. The study of smiles is a part of gelotology, psychology, and linguistics, comprising various theories of affect, humor, and laughter.[2]
PRESENT TENSE
The present tense is the tense (that is, the form of the verb) that may be used to express:
- action at the present
- a state of being;
- an occurrence in the (very) near future; or
- an action that occurred in the past and continues up to the present.
English, like other Germanic languages, has two tenses, past and non-past. These tenses have several aspects. The present tense aspects comprise:
- present simple, which is used to describe both habits and or routines (I eat breakfast every morning at 6:30. I go to work every day), and general facts or the truth (The earth revolves around the sun);
The present simple tense is very often used with adverbs of repeated time. Look at these examples (the adverbs are shown in bold):
- - I always come to school by cycle.
- - She frequently arrives here before me.
- - He never forgets to do his homework.
The conjugation of the present indicative tense in regular verbs is as follows:
| &Nb; | to walk |
| I | walk |
| you | walk |
| he/she/it | walks |
| we | walk |
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